Nir Tadmor
Madison Margolin
If you get the message, hang up the phone. For psychedelic drugs are simply instruments, like microscopes, telescopes, and telephones. The biologist does not sit with eye permanently glued to the microscope, he goes away and works on what he has seen.
Psychedelics are powerful catalysts for psycho-spiritual growth and transformation. When used skillfully, they can open profound pathways to self-discovery, emotional expression, spiritual development, deeper intimacy with your loved ones, and improved mental health. While this guide will refer to psychedelic integration as a process that unfolds mostly after the psychedelic experience, it is important to remember that the psychedelic integration process, in truth, surrounds the psychedelic experience. This means that in actuality, the integration starts with preparation, and includes and is affected by your intentions, thoughts, emotions and expectations about the experience.
When you properly prepare for the journey, you take the first step towards integrating your psychedelic experience. Even the post-journey psychedelic integration phase, which takes place after a psychedelic therapy session or after an experience in a recreational setting, is only the beginning of the growth process. To fully harness the potential of these experiences, a practical and
evidence-based approach to integration is essential. (2)
In short, psychedelic integration is how we weave non-ordinary states with our ordinary state of consciousness. It refers to the ongoing process of reflecting, digesting, and forming (as much as possible) a coherent narrative about the experience that took place, with the intention of having a better grasp of the insights and lessons gained so that beneficial changes may be implemented into your everyday life.
By actively participating in the meaning-making process, and by consciously working with the subconscious content that is often revealed during a psychedelic experience, you have the opportunity to rewrite old and limiting narratives about yourself and your life, release emotional blockages, and realign with your deepest truths. (3)
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What is Psychedelic Integration Therapy?
Psychedelic integration therapy provides a guided and structured container holding the potential for individuals to process, make meaning of, and transform non-ordinary experiences into lasting change and increased well-being. Drawing on various approaches and schools of thought like transpersonal psychology, somatic approaches, and wisdom traditions, psychedelic integration therapists may help you develop practices and frameworks for working with the multilayered psychospiritual material that arises before, during, and after your psychedelic experience.
It is a delicate and non-linear process that, when done in a truly integrative way, touches upon and facilitates connection between the mental, emotional, somatic (related to the body/physical), relational, and spiritual dimensions of your life.
It may involve exploring difficult emotions, memories, or beliefs that emerged during an experience. This examination may happen with a trained therapist, who, ideally, creates a safe container in which you can work towards dissolving limiting patterns and integrating a more expansive sense of self.
This may include facilitating a safe space for your body to discharge pent up energy, practicing grounding techniques (like mindful breathing, body scanning, or sensory grounding).
A good therapist may also encourage you to engage with various practices that may help move the energy in your body (like yoga, tai-chi, or mindful movement).
This therapeutic process may also revolve around questions of meaning, interconnection, life purpose, and belief in God or a higher power. (3, 4)
Ultimately, the role of psychedelic integration therapy and psychedelic integration coaching is to compassionately support you in moving towards wholeness, self-actualization and optimal well-being. (5, 6)
While often left unexplored in our individualistic Western culture, integrating the relational dimension of your psychedelic experiences – by observing and transforming your relationships with the people around you in light of your psychedelic experiences and insights – is a big step towards harnessing their full potential.
Integration Across Cultures & Throughout History
While the importance of working with psychedelic experiences with the intention to transform everyday life is far from being a modern invention, the process of psychedelic integration and the way we approach it from a therapeutic or recreational perspective in the West differs dramatically from how indigenous cultures and communities work with psychedelic experiences.
Indigenous communities have been using plant medicines like ayahuasca, peyote, San Pedro, and psilocybin mushrooms ceremonially for millennia, and have developed robust traditions around preparing for, navigating, and integrating these powerful encounters with the sacred. (7, 8)
In indigenous cultures who use psychedelic plant medicines, ceremonies are guided by experienced traditional medicine facilitators who have undergone extensive training and initiation. The ceremonies are deeply embedded in the community’s spiritual and cultural beliefs. The psychedelic experience is seen as a means of connecting with the divine, accessing wisdom and other realms, and facilitating healing on physical, emotional, and spiritual levels. (9)
Regarding the way psychedelic experiences are understood and applied in everyday life, it is important to remember that from the viewpoint of most indigenous cultures around the world, the earth is a living feminine being that sustains and nurtures all life on it and thus is commonly referred to as Mother Earth. The relationship with Mother Earth is based on a profound spiritual connection that guides indigenous people from times immemorial to practice reverence, humility and reciprocity while they perceive and respect water, air and fire as gifts of mother earth and are thus treating these elements as sacred. Plant medicines, as well as other natural resources, are taken and used with the understanding that one only takes what one needs so that future generations will not be put in peril. (10)
What is Animism?
Another core component of indigenous cultures from all across the globe is the notion of animism, which attributes a spirit or soul to various aspects of the natural world, like plants, rocks, and the moon. In tandem with this indigenous philosophy is the idea that there’s little division between the self and the natural, spiritual forces around us; intelligence and soul are seen as pervading all of nature and cosmos. (11, 12)
One of the most prominent aspects of animistic practice is shamanism, which perceives nature as a living entity rather than inert matter. The word Shaman, originates from the word sam or tsam in Tungustian or Mongol (respectively), meaning “a dance”. Michael Harner, a pioneer researcher of shamanism defines a shaman as “a man or woman who is in direct contact with the spirit world through a trance state and has one or more spirits at his command to carry out his bidding for good or evil.” One way with which shamans achieve this trance state, enabling them to journey through un-earthly realms and contact supernatural entities is the use of psychedelic plant medicines. (13, 14)
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Traditions of the Amazon Basin
In the vegetalismo practices of the Amazon, ayahuasca ceremonies take place within highly structured rituals, apprenticeships, and community integration processes. Preparation often involves lengthy isolation, adherence to strict “dietas,” and learning healing chants called “icaros”. As part of the indigenous approach to developing a lifelong relationship with plant teachers and with the divine consciousness that these plants provide access to, after the psychedelic ceremony ends, one works together with the other members of the tribe or community to embody the spiritual lessons of the journey. This might also include making offerings to fulfill the will of the deities or gods. (15, 16)
Similarly, among the Mazatec people of Mexico, those who participate in “veladas” (psilocybin mushroom ceremonies) undergo extensive preparations including prayer, fasting, and clarifying intentions. In the days following a ceremony, they observe dietary and behavioral restrictions, spend time in nature, and reflect deeply on the messages received. Similar to the integration work in other indigenous cultures, what Westerners call “psychedelic integration” is seen as a collective, intergenerational process of the whole community or tribe, in which children, adults and the elderly participate. (17)
Whereas in the indigenous paradigm, the psychedelic set and setting are both carefully curated to support the individual’s journey within the larger community context, in therapeutic and recreational contexts, psychedelic use often occurs in a more individualistic and secularized framework, where the primary focus is on personal growth, self-exploration, or the alleviation of specific mental health symptoms.
While there may be some level of preparation and integration, it is often less extensive and less connected to a shared cultural narrative or spiritual worldview. This difference in context can have significant implications for the way in which psychedelic experiences are understood, valued, and integrated into our lives.
The communal and spiritual container of traditional contexts may provide a more robust framework for making sense of and applying the insights gained during the psychedelic journey, whereas the more individualistic and medicalized approach may lead to a greater sense of disconnection or difficulty integrating the experience into our daily life and relationships.
Western and Indigenous Perspectives on Psychedelic Integration
The indigenous approach stands in stark contrast to the Western cultural perspective on psychedelics, which may pathologize or dismiss non-ordinary states, and lacks accepted frameworks for making meaning of these experiences. Psychedelic journeyers must often navigate a cultural and legal landscape that is unapproving of their experiences, potentially leaving them feeling alienated and unsupported in the integration process. (18, 19)
Due to their still controversial nature in much of Western society, psychedelic experiences may simultaneously promote a sense of unity and connection on one hand, and incongruence with the journeyer’s existing relational and cultural contexts on the other.
This means that in Western society these experiences are also more likely to fundamentally shift one’s worldview or precipitate a potential crisis. For example, one might go through a profound psycho-spiritual shift as a result of psychedelic experiences while not feeling comfortable to share the background for this inner transformation with family and loved ones. Psychedelic journeys may also drive us towards ways of living that are not focused on core values of Western society like financial success, productivity, and novelty, which could bring up substantial challenges in one’s relationship with family and colleagues. (20, 21)
Navigating this paradox of connection-disconnection is a key task of psychedelic integration for people living in a culture that hasn’t normalized psychedelic experiences. In the absence of a shared cultural container, greater emphasis is placed on the individual’s meaning-making process and the therapeutic relationship as a relational “arena” for this intricate process. Building communities of like-minded people and weaving a shared cultural narrative around psychedelics is becoming more and more recognized in the West as critical for our collective integration. (22)
While the therapeutic context differs markedly from traditional settings, building bridges between these different ways of knowing is crucial. Appreciating psychedelic integration as both a timeless human practice and a culturally-embedded endeavor can enrich our efforts to create containers for these experiences that are ethically sound, culturally sensitive, spiritually attuned, and supported by a wide array of evidence-based practices.
Integration Is Not One Size Fits All
Psychedelic integration is a highly personal and multi-layered process that unfolds uniquely for each individual. Just as each psychedelic experience is unique, so too is each journeyer’s integration process.
The focus of the integration process, its duration, and the tools and practices that are needed to support it, will depend on a wide range of factors including:
There is no universal roadmap, only an invitation to turn towards your inner experience with curiosity and care. While protocols and guidelines may provide healthy foundations for the process, psychedelic integration calls for flexibility and adaptivity in order to fit your cultural background, belief system, and life circumstances.
The focus of the integration process, its duration, and the tools and practices that are needed to support it, will depend on a wide range of factors including:
These include:
It is important to remember that assimilating insights into meaningful changes in your daily life will require practices and frameworks that you resonate with and enjoy doing. Ultimately, the psychedelic integration process invites you to engage with fundamental questions of meaning, purpose, and what it means to be human.
By approaching this process with compassion, humility, and openness, you can create containers that honor the uniqueness of your journey while also recognizing the universal themes that connect us all. The lessons learned from practicing psychedelic integration extend far beyond the realm of psychedelic therapy, potentially contributing to a paradigm shift in our understanding of mental health, spirituality, and our ability to live in a sacred relationship with all of life. (3)
How to Integrate a Psychedelic Experience
While no formula can capture the richness of each psychedelic journey, the following orientations, guidelines, and practices may help us facilitate a more grounded and profound integration process:
01
Prepare:
Educate yourself about the substance and the setting in which the experience is going to take place; explore your hopes and expectations regarding the journey; set and clarify intentions; and work towards cultivating openness and a sense of safety.
02
Surrender:
During the journey, do your best to be gentle with yourself and trust your process; allow whatever arises—sensations, emotions, visions, insights—to be met without judgment.
03
Rest:
This might be the single most important aspect of the post-experience phase of integration; give yourself time (a minimum of 24 hours from the end of the journey) to rest and make sure you sleep well after the experience, so that you have time to reflect and so that your body and mind can comfortably recalibrate back to everyday life.
04
Keep a journal:
By keeping a journal where you document the core parts of your psychedelic experiences, you will be able to give words to your experience in the most authentic and exposed way possible, and eventually go back to old journals to reconnect with these past journeys whenever you feel like, and get a better grasp of your long-term developmental process with psychedelics.
05
Take care of your body:
Sleep well, eat well, and find the practices that help you stay grounded and connected to your body. It is also important to find the right way to discharge and move the energy in your body through practices like yoga, tai-chi, dancing, breathwork and physical exercise.
06
Share:
Don’t stay alone with your experiences. If possible, be open and honest about your experiences with your loved ones, engage in meaningful conversations with other psychedelic explorers, or join (or initiate!) a psychedelic integration circle in your community.
07
Be creative:
Sometimes words cannot grasp the profound parts of our experience, so by engaging in creative expression, you may be able to express the ineffable and stay in touch with parts of your journey and of yourself that talking or journaling can’t help you access. Explore the journey through art, music, writing. Express that which goes beyond language; give form to your inner world.
08
Connect to nature:
Spend time in the forest, in the desert, or in the mountains; walk barefoot on the ground; swim in the ocean; dip in a lake; light a fire. Let yourself tune into a slower pace and observe how nature allows your nervous system to regulate.
09
Meditate:
Establish a regular meditation practice to cultivate present-moment awareness, emotional regulation, and a deeper connection with your inner world. Mindfulness meditation, loving-kindness meditation, or other contemplative practices can help you integrate insights from your psychedelic journey into daily life. Meditation allows you to observe your thoughts and emotions with greater clarity and acceptance, fostering a more grounded and compassionate relationship with yourself and others.
10
Embark on a therapeutic process:
Some parts of our experience cannot be accessed without external assistance. A skilled psychedelic integration therapist or psychedelic integration coach can hold a safe container for you to be in touch with parts of the experience that were left unnoticed or were too frightening to hold on your own.
11
Take time before making any big life decisions:
For at least two weeks after the experience don’t make any major life decisions, like quitting a job, ending a relationship, spending substantial sums of money, or anything else that might have long-lasting consequences.
Additionally, you may want to ask yourself some questions and journal the answers, in order to deepen your psychedelic integration process. Here are some prompts to get you started:
Difference in Integration Per Substance
For the most part, the integration process remains the same across substances, but there can be some subtle differences.
It is important to say that topics that are related here to a specific substance can definitely come up under the influence of another, but these might be important topics to consider when considering trying one of these substances in the future or when working with an experience that took place in the past.
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, Integration Coaching, and Specialists
Integrating psychedelic journeys can be disorienting and destabilizing without proper support. Working with a trained psychedelic integration therapist or integration coach may provide invaluable understanding, tools, and care for this delicate and profound process.
Drawing on transpersonal psychology, somatic psychotherapy, and indigenous wisdom, among other approaches and therapeutic methods (depending on the training of each professional), psychedelic integration therapists and coaches can help you process the multi-layered content that came up during the journey. They can also support you to explore the nuances and the ineffable (difficult to put in words) parts of your experience using mind-body practices, and support you in translating momentary peak experiences into beneficial long-lasting changes in your daily life. They can offer a safe, knowledgeable, and compassionate space to explore meaning, identity shifts, and tend to any emotional or spiritual challenges that came up during, or that are coming up since the journey. (3)
It is important to remember that guiding a psychedelic integration process, especially if it involves painful or traumatic material, requires a trained or licensed clinician who is experienced with trauma work. When seeking an integration provider, inquire about their approach, background, experience, and ethics. Trust your intuition and work only with those who you feel are offering a safe, supportive container. The therapist’s own depth, integrity and lived experience are key to a beneficial integration process.
One of the core roles of a psychedelic integration therapist or coach is providing education and guidance regarding the specific characteristics of the substance in use as well as the experience it awakens. Questions you can ask (and should get clear answers to) include the following:
Another extremely important role of integration therapists and coaches is providing psychoeducation about the importance of set and setting, preparation, and, of course, integration.
Questions you can ask to better inform yourself are:
Take your time to choose a psychedelic integration specialist that has the right training and experience for the issues and topics that you are dealing with, allow yourself to ask as many questions as you want in order to learn more about them in order to feel safe, prepared, and informed. Listen to your gut feeling, and if anything feels off about this person, no matter what certifications they have, remember that there are many other therapists and coaches who specialize in psychedelic integration that you can turn to, whether in-person or via Zoom.
Suggested Resources:
01
Psychedelic integration: Psychotherapy for non-ordinary states of consciousness (3)
This book is the first one ever to focus specifically on the topic of psychedelic integration. In it, Marc B. Aixalà presents an approach to helping people make sense of and derive meaning from their psychedelic experiences. He lays out a theoretical and practical foundation for integration work that emphasizes respecting personal narrative, incorporates techniques to address challenging situations, and ultimately aims to support self-discovery, empowerment and resilience.
02
Models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: A contemporary assessment and an introduction to EMBARK, a transdiagnostic, trans-drug model (23)
This article provides a comprehensive review of existing models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, identifying limitations in their approach to integration, such as lack of attention to embodied and relational elements of treatment and insufficient focus on ethics. It introduces the Existential-Spiritual, Mindfulness, Body-Aware, Affective-Cognitive, Relational and Keeping Momentum, or EMBARK model, a transdiagnostic therapeutic framework designed to address these limitations by providing a structured yet flexible approach based on six clinical domains and four ethical care cornerstones.
03
Psychedelic harm reduction and integration: A transtheoretical model for clinical practice (6)
This article proposes the Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Integration (PHRI) model, a transtheoretical and transdiagnostic approach for mental health professionals working with individuals who use or are considering using psychedelics. The PHRI model draws upon principles of harm reduction psychotherapy, psychedelic-assisted therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, and psychodynamic therapy to support clients in preparing for, navigating, and integrating psychedelic experiences. By providing a comprehensive framework that emphasizes non-judgment, curiosity, and the therapeutic relationship, PHRI offers clinicians a much-needed guide for ethically and effectively addressing the unique needs of clients who use psychedelics, ultimately contributing to the growing field of psychedelic integration.
04
The psychedelic integration scales: Tools for measuring psychedelic integration behaviors and experiences (24)
To better understand and support the integration process, researchers have developed the Integration Engagement Scale (IES) to capture positive behavioral engagement, and the Experienced Integration Scale (EIS) to capture the internal experience of feeling integrated. You can use the IES to measure the degree to which you behaviorally engage in reflection on the psychedelic experience and application of insights into daily life, and the EIS to assess your subjective feeling of being settled/at peace with the experience, having a harmonized sense of connection between the experience and life, and feeling improved personal growth and wellbeing as a result.
05
Integration in psychedelic-assisted treatments: Recurring themes in current providers’ definitions, challenges, and concerns (25)
This qualitative study used a mixed-methods approach to explore how 30 psychedelic integration therapists define integration, as well as the challenges and concerns they face in their practice. Key challenges included working with non-responsive or resistant clients and the need for therapist self-care, while major concerns involved the commercialization of psychedelic therapy, clients viewing psychedelics as a panacea, cultural appropriation, power differentials, and affordability. The findings suggest a need for further research on client and therapist factors influencing integration outcomes, highlighting the importance of therapist self-care and peer support.
The story of psychedelic integration and growth, while ancient, is still in its infancy from the perspective of modern science. As more people courageously turn to these potent medicines for personal development and actively engage with the psychedelic integration process, we can further explore some of the core lessons of what it means to be human, what it means to be in touch with the sacred, what it means to live with a sense of purpose, and maybe even to engage with some of the archetypal questions regarding the meaning of life—all while maintaining a compassionate approach towards ourselves, our loved ones, our larger community, and the planet we all share.
Frequently Asked Questions
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23. Brennan, W., & Belser, A. B. (2022). Models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: A contemporary assessment and an introduction to EMBARK, a transdiagnostic, trans-drug model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 866018. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866018/full
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